Magnesium (Mg)

Alkaline earth metals · Period 3 · Solid

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Element identity

Atomic number (Z): 12
Symbol: Mg
Atomic weight / isotope mass number: 24.305(2)
Category: Alkaline earth metals
Physical state (reference): Solid
Period: 3
Group (reference): 2
Block: s

Physical properties

Appearance: Shiny grey solid
Density: 1.738 g·cm⁻³
Melting point: 923 K / 650 °C / 1202 °F
Boiling point: 1363 K / 1091 °C / 1994 °F
Sublimation point: Not available

Atomic and material properties

Electron configuration: [Ne] 3s²
Electrons per shell: K2 L8 M2
Oxidation states: 2, 1
Electronegativity (Pauling): 1.31
Atomic radius: 145 pm
Covalent radius: 141±7 pm
Molar ionization energies: 1st: 737.7 kJ·mol⁻¹ 2nd: 1450.7 kJ·mol⁻¹ 3rd: 7732.7 kJ·mol⁻¹ 4th: 10,542.5 kJ·mol⁻¹ 5th: 13,630 kJ·mol⁻¹ 6th: 18,020 kJ·mol⁻¹ 7th: 21,711 kJ·mol⁻¹ 8th: 25,661 kJ·mol⁻¹ 9th: 31,653 kJ·mol⁻¹ 10th: 35,458 kJ·mol⁻¹ 11th: 169,988 kJ·mol⁻¹ 12th: 189,368 kJ·mol⁻¹
Thermal conductivity: 156 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹
Molar heat capacity: 24.869 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Crystal structure: Hexagonal close packed
CAS number: 7439-95-4

Property source: Wikipedia — Magnesium, adapted from the Nuclides App snapshot. Quoted conditions and qualifiers are retained.

Sources and interpretation

Snapshot exported 24 October 2026 from the element assets used by Nuclides. Properties are a reference compilation, not a new evaluation. Missing values are shown as “Not available”. Density and phase depend on temperature, pressure and allotrope; retained conditions are part of the quoted property.

Atomic weight is dimensionless. Parentheses give uncertainty in the last quoted digits. A single integer in square brackets is an isotope mass number, not a standard atomic weight. The snapshot can differ from current evaluations; consult CIAAW standard atomic weights and the IUPAC periodic table for current values and conventions.

Element properties in the App snapshot are adapted from Wikipedia. Each element page links to its source article; text adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 4.0. No third-party images are included.

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