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Chemical element · Atomic number 42
Molybdenum (Mo)
Transition metals · Period 5 · Solid
Element identity
- Atomic number (Z)
- 42
- Symbol
- Mo
- Atomic weight / isotope mass number
- 95.95(1)
- Category
- Transition metals
- Physical state (reference)
- Solid
- Period
- 5
- Group (reference)
- 6
- Block
- d
Physical properties
- Appearance
- Gray metallic
- Density
- 10.28 g·cm⁻³
- Melting point
- 2896 K / 2623 °C / 4753 °F
- Boiling point
- 4912 K / 4639 °C / 8382 °F
- Sublimation point
- Not available
Atomic and material properties
- Electron configuration
- [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹
- Electrons per shell
- K2 L8 M18 N13 O1
- Oxidation states
- 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −4
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 2.16
- Atomic radius
- 190 pm
- Covalent radius
- 154±5 pm
- Molar ionization energies
- 1st: 684.3 kJ·mol⁻¹ 2nd: 1560 kJ·mol⁻¹ 3rd: 2618 kJ·mol⁻¹ 4th: 4480 kJ·mol⁻¹ 5th: 5257 kJ·mol⁻¹ 6th: 6640.8 kJ·mol⁻¹ 7th: 12,125 kJ·mol⁻¹ 8th: 13,860 kJ·mol⁻¹ 9th: 15,835 kJ·mol⁻¹ 10th: 17,980 kJ·mol⁻¹ 11th: 20,190 kJ·mol⁻¹ 12th: 22,219 kJ·mol⁻¹ 13th: 26,930 kJ·mol⁻¹ 14th: 29,196 kJ·mol⁻¹ 15th: 52,490 kJ·mol⁻¹ 16th: 55,000 kJ·mol⁻¹ 17th: 61,400 kJ·mol⁻¹ 18th: 67,700 kJ·mol⁻¹ 19th: 74,000 kJ·mol⁻¹ 20th: 80,400 kJ·mol⁻¹ 21st: 87,000 kJ·mol⁻¹ 22nd: 93,400 kJ·mol⁻¹ 23rd: 98,420 kJ·mol⁻¹ 24th: 104,400 kJ·mol⁻¹ 25th: 121,900 kJ·mol⁻¹ 26th: 127,700 kJ·mol⁻¹ 27th: 133,800 kJ·mol⁻¹ 28th: 139,800 kJ·mol⁻¹ 29th: 148,100 kJ·mol⁻¹ 30th: 154,500 kJ·mol⁻¹
- Thermal conductivity
- 138 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Molar heat capacity
- 24.06 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Crystal structure
- Body-centered cubic
- CAS number
- 7439-98-7
Property source: Wikipedia — Molybdenum, adapted from the Nuclides App snapshot. Quoted conditions and qualifiers are retained.
Sources and interpretation
Snapshot exported 24 October 2026 from the element assets used by Nuclides. Properties are a reference compilation, not a new evaluation. Missing values are shown as “Not available”. Density and phase depend on temperature, pressure and allotrope; retained conditions are part of the quoted property.
Atomic weight is dimensionless. Parentheses give uncertainty in the last quoted digits. A single integer in square brackets is an isotope mass number, not a standard atomic weight. The snapshot can differ from current evaluations; consult CIAAW standard atomic weights and the IUPAC periodic table for current values and conventions.
Element properties in the App snapshot are adapted from Wikipedia. Each element page links to its source article; text adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 4.0. No third-party images are included.
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