Nuclides
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Chemical element · Atomic number 21
Scandium (Sc)
Transition metals · Period 4 · Solid
Element identity
- Atomic number (Z)
- 21
- Symbol
- Sc
- Atomic weight / isotope mass number
- 44.955 907(4)
- Category
- Transition metals
- Physical state (reference)
- Solid
- Period
- 4
- Group (reference)
- 3
- Block
- d
Physical properties
- Appearance
- Silvery white
- Density
- 2.985 g·cm⁻³
- Melting point
- 1814 K / 1541 °C / 2806 °F
- Boiling point
- 3109 K / 2836 °C / 5136 °F
- Sublimation point
- Not available
Atomic and material properties
- Electron configuration
- [Ar] 3d¹ 4s²
- Electrons per shell
- K2 L8 M9 N2
- Oxidation states
- 3, 2, 1
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.36
- Atomic radius
- 184 pm
- Covalent radius
- 170±7 pm
- Molar ionization energies
- 1st: 633.1 kJ·mol⁻¹ 2nd: 1235.0 kJ·mol⁻¹ 3rd: 2388.6 kJ·mol⁻¹ 4th: 7090.6 kJ·mol⁻¹ 5th: 8843 kJ·mol⁻¹ 6th: 10,679 kJ·mol⁻¹ 7th: 13,310 kJ·mol⁻¹ 8th: 15,250 kJ·mol⁻¹ 9th: 17,370 kJ·mol⁻¹ 10th: 21,726 kJ·mol⁻¹ 11th: 24,102 kJ·mol⁻¹ 12th: 66,320 kJ·mol⁻¹ 13th: 73,010 kJ·mol⁻¹ 14th: 80,160 kJ·mol⁻¹ 15th: 89,490 kJ·mol⁻¹ 16th: 97,400 kJ·mol⁻¹ 17th: 105,600 kJ·mol⁻¹ 18th: 117,000 kJ·mol⁻¹ 19th: 124,270 kJ·mol⁻¹ 20th: 547,530 kJ·mol⁻¹ 21st: 582,163 kJ·mol⁻¹
- Thermal conductivity
- 15.8 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Molar heat capacity
- 25.52 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Crystal structure
- Hexagonal close packed
- CAS number
- 7440-20-2
Property source: Wikipedia — Scandium, adapted from the Nuclides App snapshot. Quoted conditions and qualifiers are retained.
Sources and interpretation
Snapshot exported 24 October 2026 from the element assets used by Nuclides. Properties are a reference compilation, not a new evaluation. Missing values are shown as “Not available”. Density and phase depend on temperature, pressure and allotrope; retained conditions are part of the quoted property.
Atomic weight is dimensionless. Parentheses give uncertainty in the last quoted digits. A single integer in square brackets is an isotope mass number, not a standard atomic weight. The snapshot can differ from current evaluations; consult CIAAW standard atomic weights and the IUPAC periodic table for current values and conventions.
Element properties in the App snapshot are adapted from Wikipedia. Each element page links to its source article; text adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 4.0. No third-party images are included.
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