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Chemical element · Atomic number 30
Zinc (Zn)
Transition metals · Period 4 · Solid
Element identity
- Atomic number (Z)
- 30
- Symbol
- Zn
- Atomic weight / isotope mass number
- 65.38(2)
- Category
- Transition metals
- Physical state (reference)
- Solid
- Period
- 4
- Group (reference)
- 12
- Block
- d
Physical properties
- Appearance
- Silver-gray
- Density
- 7.14 g·cm⁻³
- Melting point
- 692.68 K / 419.53 °C / 787.15 °F
- Boiling point
- 1180 K / 907 °C / 1665 °F
- Sublimation point
- Not available
Atomic and material properties
- Electron configuration
- [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²
- Electrons per shell
- K2 L8 M18 N2
- Oxidation states
- -2, 0, 1, 2
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.65
- Atomic radius
- 142 pm
- Covalent radius
- 122±4 pm
- Molar ionization energies
- 1st: 906.4 kJ·mol⁻¹ 2nd: 1733.3 kJ·mol⁻¹ 3rd: 3833 kJ·mol⁻¹ 4th: 5731 kJ·mol⁻¹ 5th: 7970 kJ·mol⁻¹ 6th: 10,400 kJ·mol⁻¹ 7th: 12,900 kJ·mol⁻¹ 8th: 16,800 kJ·mol⁻¹ 9th: 19,600 kJ·mol⁻¹ 10th: 23,000 kJ·mol⁻¹ 11th: 26,400 kJ·mol⁻¹ 12th: 29,990 kJ·mol⁻¹ 13th: 40,490 kJ·mol⁻¹ 14th: 43,800 kJ·mol⁻¹ 15th: 47,300 kJ·mol⁻¹ 16th: 52,300 kJ·mol⁻¹ 17th: 55,900 kJ·mol⁻¹ 18th: 59,700 kJ·mol⁻¹ 19th: 67,300 kJ·mol⁻¹ 20th: 17,1200 kJ·mol⁻¹ 21st: 179,100 kJ·mol⁻¹
- Thermal conductivity
- 116 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Molar heat capacity
- 25.470 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
- Crystal structure
- Hexagonal close packed
- CAS number
- 7440-66-6
Property source: Wikipedia — Zinc, adapted from the Nuclides App snapshot. Quoted conditions and qualifiers are retained.
Sources and interpretation
Snapshot exported 24 October 2026 from the element assets used by Nuclides. Properties are a reference compilation, not a new evaluation. Missing values are shown as “Not available”. Density and phase depend on temperature, pressure and allotrope; retained conditions are part of the quoted property.
Atomic weight is dimensionless. Parentheses give uncertainty in the last quoted digits. A single integer in square brackets is an isotope mass number, not a standard atomic weight. The snapshot can differ from current evaluations; consult CIAAW standard atomic weights and the IUPAC periodic table for current values and conventions.
Element properties in the App snapshot are adapted from Wikipedia. Each element page links to its source article; text adaptations are available under CC BY-SA 4.0. No third-party images are included.
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